Write-off categories A, B, S and N explained
The four categories
| Category | Meaning | Back on the road? |
|---|---|---|
| A | Scrap only. Nothing can be salvaged, not even parts. | Never |
| B | Body shell must be crushed. Parts may be removed and sold. | Never |
| S | Structural damage, such as the chassis or crumple zones. Repairable by a professional. | Yes, after repair |
| N | Non-structural damage, such as panels, electrics or the interior. Repairable. | Yes, after repair |
Cars written off before 1 October 2017 carry the old categories C (repairable, repair cost exceeded value) and D (repairable, cheaper than value but the insurer chose not to). Those markers remain on older cars.
Why the marker is not on the V5C
The log book does not show a write-off. The insurer records it with the industry salvage register, and that record is what a vehicle history check reads. A free DVLA check shows tax, MOT and specification only. The write-off, finance and stolen markers come from paid data, which is why the full report costs money.
Buying a Category S or N car
Many are good value. A Category N with a replaced bumper and headlamp is a different proposition from a Category S with a straightened chassis leg. Ask for the repair invoice and photographs of the damage before repair. Some insurers decline cover or load the premium, so get a quote before you buy. Expect to sell it on at a discount as well.
How the categories affect a BeakScore
A write-off marker is the single largest negative in a vehicle history, and it does not expire. Finance can be settled and a stolen marker lifted, but a Category S remains for the life of the car.
Questions people ask
Is it illegal to sell a written-off car without saying so?
Selling as a trader without disclosing a known write-off is an offence under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations. A private seller must still answer honestly if asked, and a buyer can find it with a history check anyway.
Does a Category N write-off need a new MOT?
No. Categories S and N do not require a fresh MOT or an inspection before returning to the road, which is why a professional repair invoice and your own inspection matter.
Can a Category S be insured?
Usually, yes, but some insurers will not cover it and others charge more. Ask before buying rather than after.
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